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11 teaching approached and their typical characteristics:

1TBL Task-based learning

a tool,   

using it when completing tasks.   

solving tasks, problems, communicate with language

Grammar/vocabulary/pronounciation may or may not be focused after the task is completed.

2PPP:presentation, practice and production

Grammatical structures and functions

input language in a context, use in a controlled activity, use freely

Syllabus grammatical structure

miming, drill, role play, discussion

3 Communicative 

communication

by interaction

communicative needs, fluency , authentic materials, pair and group works, discussion

4Functional

functions

by receiving input and using it in both controlled and free ways.

graded functions, using PPP stage or communicative activities.

5CLIL Content and language integrated learning

all aspects of language; teaching subjects through a foreign language.

when you use language to learn sth else.

subject matter and congitive skills; specific kinds of language; focus on the subject.

6Content-based learning

tool to gain knowledge of the world; Grammar, lexis, functions and skills are all important.

with interesting topics.

grammar, lexis,functions or skills; mainly in primary and secondary schools; topics related to the real world and lives, learning language in the context.

7Lexical approach

vocabulary.

words and chunks

lexis; notice chunks and complete tasks of chunks; authentic written or spoken texts.

8Grammar-translation

grammatical rules

by analysing and applying grammatical rules.

grammar rules and terms; accuracy;translating L1-2, analysing grammatical rules.

9TPR:Total physical response

Grammatical structures and vocabulary

by doing things physically

used with young learners

10Guided discovery

patterns of meaning and use

by learners themselves

give examples, ask student to work out rules, summerize the rules

11 Structure approach

system of structure

by controlled practice

controlled practice;avoid mistake; oral skills before written

 

 

 

Additional Resources:

 

U3 Approaches to Language Teaching

学会教会:英语教学必备指南 Jim Scriveher

剑桥英语教学能力认证考试教程:基础模块

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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